Maximum Stair Tread Slope

stairway with water setting on steps or treads

This particular building code relates more to exterior stairs and interior ones. As you can see here the concrete stairway in the picture above is accumulating water and creating a safety hazard. All you would need to do, to eliminate this problem would be to put a little slope in the stair treads.

Stair treads shall not have more than a 1 unit vertical in 48 unit horizontal slope. This would represent about a 2 percent slope or 1 inch vertical drop in every 48 inches of a perfectly straight horizontal line. It is often referred to as a quarter-inch per foot drop.

Reference: 2012 International Building Code - 1009.9.1 page 255

level stair step or tread illustration

The illustration above provides us with a relatively level stairway and without any slope, something like this could prevent water from draining off of it safely.

illustration of sloping stair step or tread that meets building code

The dotted or dashed line is level and I have lowered the front edge of the step a little less than a quarter of an inch, to provide you with an example of what this particular building code is referring to.

Example 1: If you have a 12 inch wide stair tread, then you would be allowed to drop it at least a quarter of an inch, but no more than a quarter of an inch. This would provide you with a quarter of an inch per foot drop ratio.

Attention: Don't forget to check with your local building department to verify any building codes on this website. This information could be incorrect or outdated. Building codes are updated regularly and to some building departments have different interpretations for certain building codes.